Verdy Adriansyah Hidayat Original Article
Verdy Adriansyah Hidayat
2122201041
TEKNIK SIPIL
List of activities in ESP for Civil Engineering
1. Short Article about Civil Engineering
2. 5W1H Questions
3. Verbal and Nominal Sentences
4. Tenses and Its Pattern
5. Active and Passive Construction
6. List of Vocabulary
7. Translation into Indonesia
8. Reasons Why Writer Uses Tenses
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Article
Hardness and Quality Test Methods on Iron and Steel
Increasing physical development spurs us to be able to answer all the challenges that will arise in the present and the future. One of them is in the field of structural forensics. In structural forensics there will be defects or failures are often found in the test object material. These defects can be caused by several factors including human resources, facilities, and infrastructure that is less supportive, or materials that are not by the design. In addition to concrete, the material that is often used as a construction material today is metal (steel and iron). For concrete tests, it may have been done often. For the current discussion, metal materials (steel and iron) used in the construction world can also be tested. In general, the testing process on metal materials can be grouped into three groups of test methods, namely:
A destructive Test (DT), is a metal testing process that can cause damage to the metal being tested.
Non Destructive Test (NDT), is a metal testing process that cannot cause damage to the metal or object being tested.
Metallography, namely the process of examining metals about their chemical composition, the elements contained in them, and the shape of their structure.
In some conditions, the Destructive Test is not effective because it requires damage to the test material. Especially if will the material to be tested is part of an existing structure or existing condition. So NDT (Non-Destructive Test) is one way that can be done.
The demand for practicality regarding the properties and strength of steel also increases with the development of technology. So in this case, trial research was conducted on steel using 3 (three) tools, namely:
Tensile Test (Tensile Test) with Universal Testing Machine (UTM) .
Electric Brinell Hardness Tester
Hardness test using Equotip Portable Rockwell Hardness, where Equotip Portable Rockwell Hardness is a Non-Destructive Test tool.
Dynamic hardness test method using calibrated equipment that spherical tungsten carbide, silicon nitride, or diamond-tipped body at a constant speed (generated by the spring force) to the part of the surface under test. The ratio of the bounce speed to the collision speed is the hardness value tested object.
Verification
inspection or testing of equipment to ensure compliance with this test method.
Summary of a test method
During the hardness test, the impact body collides due to the spring force on the test surface when the reflection occurs (the collision between the impact body and the tungsten carbide ball, silicon nitride, or diamond tip). Impact and bounce speed measured at the time of impact which is about 1 mm from the test surface. This matter is achieved by permanently attaching a magnet to a moving impact body through the coil in the collision device and induces an electric voltage on both movements of both bounce and impact during the test. The induced voltage is proportional to each collision and bounce speed. The quotient is measured by the value of the stress originating from the collision and the rebound velocity multiplied by a factor of 1000 to produce a numbers which is the Leeb hardness value.
A. 5W1H Questions
Instruction: Referring to the article you have, please build each two examples of your sentences Question and Answer based on 5W1H (Who, What, Where, Why, When, How).
B. Verbal and Nominal Sentences
Clues: Verbal Sentences (V) are those, which start with a verb. Non-Verbal sentences start with a noun or pronoun, or with derivative nouns. Verbal sentences consist of a verb + subject +object or adverbial phrase. The subject and object can be either nouns or pronouns. Nominal sentence (N) also known as the equational sentence is a linguistic term that refers to a nonverbal sentence (i.e. a sentence without a finite verb). As a nominal sentence does not have a verbal predicate, it may contain a nominal predicate, an adjectival predicate, in Semitic languages also an adverbial predicate or even a prepositional predicate.
1. Verbal Sentences
2. Nominal Sentences
C. Active and Passive Construction
Clues: Active sentence is a sentence where the subject acts as the verb for example John kicked the ball. (“John” is the subject “John” is acting as the verb “kick.” Therefore, this is an active sentence.) An active sentence is the opposite of a passive sentence. In a passive sentence, the action of the main verb is done to the subject. The passive voice occurs when the person or thing that acts is not the grammatical subject of the sentence. Instead, the person or thing that receives the action is placed before the verb. Passive sentences are formed using the verb to be combined with a past participle.
D. List of Vocabulary
E. Tesnses and it’s pattern
Please identify the tenses of ten sentences you take from the article. Learn the matrix clues below.
Metal materials (steel and iron) used in the construction world can also be tested -Simple past : S + Verb II + O
The material that is used as a construction material today is metal (steel and iron -Simple Past : S + Verb II + O
The testing process on metal materials is divided into 3 groups of test methods -Simple present: S + Verb I (s/es) + O
This matter is achieved by permanently attaching a magnet to a moving impact body through the coil in the collision device and induces an electric voltage on both movements of both bounce and impact during the test.
-Simple past : S +Verb II + O
the impact body collides due to the spring force on the test surface when the reflection occurs (the collision between the impact body and the tungsten carbide ball, silicon nitride, or diamond tip).
-Simple past : S + Verb II + O
Dynamic hardness test method using calibrated equipment that spherical tungsten carbide, silicon nitride, or diamond-tipped body at a constant speed (generated by the spring force) to the part of the surface under test.
-Simple past : S + Verb II + O
The rebound velocity multiplied by a factor of 1000 to produce a numbers which is the Leeb
-Simple Present : S + Verb (es/s) + O
The material that will be trying is part of the existing structure or existing conditions
-Past Future : S + shall/will + Verb 1 + ing + O
In structural forensics there will be defects or failures often found in the test object material.
-Past Future Continuous : S + shall/will + be + verb 1 + ing + O
The ratio of the bounce speed to the collision speed is the hardness value tested object.
Simple past : S + Verb II + O
F. Translation to Indonesia
Metode Uji Kekerasan dan Kualitas pada Besi dan Baja
Pembangunan fisik yang semakin meningkat memacu kita untuk mampu menjawab segala tantangan yang akan muncul di masa sekarang dan di masa yang akan datang. Salah satunya dalam bidang forensik struktural. Dalam forensik struktural, cacat atau kegagalan sering ditemukan pada bahan benda uji. Cacat tersebut dapat disebabkan oleh beberapa faktor antara lain sumber daya manusia, sarana dan prasarana yang kurang mendukung, atau material yang tidak sesuai dengan desain. Selain beton, material yang sering digunakan sebagai bahan konstruksi saat ini adalah logam (baja dan besi). Untuk uji beton mungkin sudah sering dilakukan. Untuk pembahasan kali ini, material logam (baja dan besi) yang digunakan dalam dunia konstruksi juga dapat diuji. Secara umum proses pengujian pada bahan logam dapat dikelompokkan menjadi tiga kelompok metode pengujian, yaitu:
Destructive Test (DT), yaitu proses pengujian logam yang dapat menyebabkan kerusakan pada logam yang diuji.
Non Destructive Test (NDT), yaitu proses pengujian logam yang tidak dapat menyebabkan kerusakan pada logam atau benda yang diuji.
Metalografi, yaitu proses pemeriksaan logam tentang komposisi kimianya, unsur-unsur yang terkandung di dalamnya, dan bentuk strukturnya.
Dalam beberapa kondisi, Uji Destruktif tidak efektif karena memerlukan kerusakan pada bahan uji. Apalagi jika material yang akan diuji merupakan bagian dari struktur eksisting atau kondisi eksisting. Maka NDT (Non Destructive Test) merupakan salah satu cara yang bisa dilakukan.
Tuntutan akan kepraktisan mengenai sifat dan kekuatan baja juga semakin meningkat seiring dengan perkembangan teknologi. Maka dalam hal ini dilakukan penelitian uji coba pada baja dengan menggunakan 3 (tiga) alat yaitu :
Uji Tarik (Tensile Test) dengan Universal Testing Machine (UTM).
Penguji Kekerasan Brinell Listrik.
Uji Kekerasan menggunakan Equotip Portable Rockwell Hardness, dimana Equotip Portable Rockwell Hardness merupakan alat Uji Non-Destructive.
Metode uji kekerasan dinamis menggunakan peralatan terkalibrasi yaitu tungsten karbida bulat, silikon nitrida atau bodi berujung berlian dengan kecepatan konstan (dihasilkan oleh gaya pegas) ke bagian permukaan yang diuji. Rasio kecepatan pantul terhadap kecepatan tumbukan adalah kekerasan objek yang diuji nilai.
Verifikasi
inspeksi atau pengujian peralatan untuk memastikan kepatuhan dengan metode uji ini.
Ringkasan cara uji
Selama uji kekerasan, impact body bertumbukan yang disebabkan gaya pegas pada permukaan uji ketika pantulan terjadi (tumbukan yang terjadi antara impact body dengan bola tungsten karbida, silicon nitrida, atau diamond tip). Kecepatan tumbukan dan pantulan diukur pada saat terjadi tumbukan yang berjarak sekitar 1 mm dari permukaan uji. Hal ini dicapai dengan cara memasang magnet secara permanen pada impact body yang bergerak melalui kumparan pada perangkat tumbukan dan menginduksi tegangan listrik pada kedua gerakan baik pantulan dan tumbukan selama pengujian. Tegangan induksi tersebut sebanding dengan masing - masing tumbukan dan kecepatan pantulan. Hasil bagi tersebut diukur dengan nilai tegangan yang berasal dari tumbukan dan kecepatan pantulan dengan dikalikan faktor 1000 sehingga menghasilkan angka yang merupakan nilai kekerasan leeb.
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